AI-Assisted Art
type: Class
comment: Art created with AI assistance.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Abstract
type: Class
comment: Art that does not attempt to represent external reality.
subclass of: Art types

Abstract Expressionism
type: School of Art
comment: A post-World War II art movement characterized by gestural brushstrokes and emotional intensity.

Acrylic Painting
type: Class
comment: A synthetic paint medium with acrylic polymer emulsion.
subclass of: Painting Form

Acrylic Polymer Emulsion
type: Class
comment: Binder used in acrylic paints.
subclass of: Water-Based Binder

Aesthetics
type: Class
comment: The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, art, and taste.
subclass of: Art

Airbrush
type: Class
comment: A tool that sprays paint using compressed air.
subclass of: Tool

Analog Photography
type: Class
comment: Photography using film and chemical processes.
subclass of: Photography Form

Applying Gesso
type: Class
comment: The process of applying gesso primer to a surface.
subclass of: Preparation Process

Aquatint
type: Class
comment: Intaglio technique using acid-resistant resin particles.
subclass of: Intaglio Printing

Art agent
type: Class
comment: A professional representing artists.
subclass of: Role of the person in the arts

Art collector
type: Class
comment: An individual who acquires artworks.
subclass of: Role of the person in the arts

Art critic
type: Class
comment: A person who analyzes and evaluates art.
subclass of: Art expert

Curator
type: Class
comment: A person overseeing a collection of artworks.
subclass of: Art expert

Art gallery
type: Class
comment: A commercial space where artworks are exhibited and offered for sale.
subclass of: Art market

Art historian
type: Class
comment: A scholar who studies art history.
subclass of: Art expert

Private art collection
type: Class
subclass of: Artwork collection

Assemblage
type: Class
comment: Joining various materials or found objects.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Balance
type: Class
comment: Distribution of visual weight creating stability.
subclass of: Art principles

Bio art
type: Class
comment: Art using living organisms as its medium.
subclass of: SciArt

Blender Composition
type: Class
comment: A composition created with Blender software.
subclass of: Digital Sculpture

Blending
type: Class
comment: Smoothing transitions between tones.
subclass of: Drawing Technique

Blocking In
type: Class
comment: Establishing the main shapes and color areas.
subclass of: Creation Process

Brayer
type: Class
comment: A roller used to spread ink in printmaking.
subclass of: Printmaking Tool

Carving
type: Class
comment: Subtractive sculpture - material removed from a block.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Casting
type: Class
comment: Molten material poured into a mold.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Catalog
type: Class
comment: A publication listing artworks.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Chalk Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using chalk.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Chalk Material
type: Class
comment: Soft carbonate rock used for drawing.
subclass of: Dry Drawing Material

Charcoal Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using charcoal.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Charcoal Material
type: Class
comment: Carbonized wood for drawing. Vine, compressed, willow charcoal.
subclass of: Dry Drawing Material

Chiaroscuro
type: Class
comment: Strong contrast between light and dark.
subclass of: Application Technique

Chisel
type: Class
comment: A tool with a cutting edge for carving.
subclass of: Shaping Tool

Clay Material
type: Class
comment: Clay for sculpture: earthenware, stoneware, porcelain bodies.
subclass of: Sculptural Material

Cleaning
type: Class
comment: Cleaning artwork surfaces.
subclass of: Preservation Process

Cold-Pressed Paper
type: Class
comment: Textured watercolor paper with a slightly bumpy surface. Also called CP or NOT (Not Hot-Pressed).
subclass of: Watercolor Paper
alternative label: CP Paper
alternative label: NOT Paper

Collage
type: Class
comment: Artwork made by gluing materials onto a surface.
subclass of: Mixed Media Form

Color
type: Class
comment: The visual sensation produced by light waves.
subclass of: Art elements

Colored Pencil
type: Class
comment: A pencil with a colored core.
subclass of: Pencil

Colored Pencil Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using colored pencils.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Computer Animation
type: Class
comment: Creating moving images using computer software.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Computer rendition
type: Class
comment: A digital interpretation of an image.
subclass of: Rendition

Conceptualism
type: School of Art
comment: An art movement emphasizing ideas over traditional aesthetic concerns.

Conservation
type: Class
comment: Preserving artwork to prevent deterioration.
subclass of: Preservation Process

Contour Drawing
type: Class
comment: Drawing the outline or contours of a subject.
subclass of: Drawing Technique

Contrast
type: Class
comment: Juxtaposition of different elements.
subclass of: Art principles

Cotton Canvas
type: Class
comment: Canvas made from cotton fibers.
subclass of: Canvas
alternative label: Cotton Duck

Crayon Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using crayons.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Cross-Hatching
type: Class
comment: Overlapping sets of hatched lines.
subclass of: Drawing Technique

Cubism
type: School of Art
comment: An early 20th-century art movement that fragmented objects into geometric shapes.

Cyborg art
type: Class
comment: Art exploring technology and the human body.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Detailing
type: Class
comment: Adding fine details to the artwork.
subclass of: Creation Process

Digital artist
type: Class
comment: An artist who uses digital tools as their primary medium.
subclass of: Artist of the visual arts

Digital Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using digital tools.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Digital Graphic Image
type: Class
comment: A visual representation created using digital tools.
subclass of: Computer Graphics

Digital Illustration
type: Class
comment: Illustration created using digital tools.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Digital Painting
type: Class
comment: Pictorial art made with pixels on a computer screen.
subclass of: Painting Form

Digital Photography
type: Class
comment: Photography using digital sensors.
subclass of: Photography Form

Digital Sculpture Term
type: Class
comment: Terminology applied to the creation or appreciation of digital sculpture.
subclass of: Sculpture Term
alternative label: 3D sculpting
alternative label: sculpt modeling

Digital Stylus
type: Class
comment: A pen-like input device for digital drawing.
subclass of: Digital Tool

Dip Pen
type: Class
comment: A pen with a nib that is dipped in ink.
subclass of: Pen

Drawing Paper
type: Class
comment: Paper designed for dry media like pencil, charcoal, and pastels.
subclass of: Paper Support

Dry Brush
type: Class
comment: Using a brush with minimal paint for textured effects.
subclass of: Application Technique

Drying Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances that accelerate the drying time of oil paints, such as cobalt drier, Japan drier, and alkyd mediums like Liquin or Galkyd.
subclass of: Oil Painting Additive

Drypoint
type: Class
comment: Intaglio technique using a needle to scratch the plate.
subclass of: Intaglio Printing

Easel
type: Class
comment: A stand for holding a canvas or panel during painting.
subclass of: Support Tool

Edition
type: Class
comment: A set of multiple original artworks from the same source.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Egg Tempera
type: Class
comment: A painting medium in which pigments are bound with egg yolk.
subclass of: Tempera Painting

Egg Yolk
type: Tempera Binder
comment: Yellow part of egg, used as tempera binder.

Emphasis
type: Class
comment: Creating a focal point.
subclass of: Art principles

Encaustic Binder
type: Class
comment: Beeswax-based binder, often with damar resin.
subclass of: Binding Agent

Encaustic Painting
type: Class
comment: A painting technique using heated beeswax mixed with pigments.
subclass of: Painting Form

Engraving
type: Class
comment: Intaglio technique using a burin to cut metal.
subclass of: Intaglio Printing

Environmental Art
type: Class
comment: Art addressing environmental issues or using natural materials.
subclass of: Spatial Art Form

Etching
type: Class
comment: Intaglio technique using acid to cut into metal.
subclass of: Intaglio Printing

Fixative
type: Class
comment: A spray applied to drawings to prevent smudging.
subclass of: Protective Finish

Flat Brush
type: Class
comment: A brush with a flat ferrule and straight edge.
subclass of: Brush

Flat Wash
type: Class
comment: An even application of watercolor across an area.
subclass of: Watercolor Technique

Flow Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances that modify the flow characteristics of oil paint, such as stand oil and Venice turpentine.
subclass of: Oil Painting Additive

Flow Modifier
type: Class
comment: Substances that modify how watercolor flows and spreads, such as ox gall and flow improver.
subclass of: Watercolor Additive

Form
type: Class
comment: A three-dimensional object or its illusion.
subclass of: Art elements

Framing
type: Class
comment: Placing artwork in a frame for display and protection.
subclass of: Finishing Process

Fresco Painting
type: Class
comment: Pigments applied to wet plaster.
subclass of: Painting Form

Gel Medium
type: Class
comment: An acrylic additive that increases body and transparency. Available in soft, regular, and heavy consistencies.
subclass of: Acrylic Additive

Gesso Panel
type: Class
comment: A rigid support coated with gesso, a white primer.
subclass of: Ground

Giclée
type: Class
comment: A high-quality inkjet print.
subclass of: Digital Printmaking

Glazing
type: Class
comment: Applying thin, transparent layers of paint.
subclass of: Application Technique

Glazing Additive
type: Class
comment: Mediums used for creating transparent glazing layers in oil painting.
subclass of: Oil Painting Additive

Gouache Painting
type: Class
comment: An opaque watercolor painting medium.
subclass of: Painting Form

Gouge
type: Class
comment: A tool for cutting relief printing blocks.
subclass of: Printmaking Tool

Graded Wash
type: Class
comment: A wash that gradually transitions from dark to light.
subclass of: Watercolor Technique

Granulation Medium
type: Class
comment: A watercolor additive that enhances the granulating properties of pigments, creating a textured appearance.
subclass of: Texture Modifier

Graphics Tablet
type: Class
comment: A pressure-sensitive input device for digital drawing.
subclass of: Digital Tool

Graphite Material
type: Class
comment: Carbon used in pencils for drawing.
subclass of: Dry Drawing Material

Graphite Pencil
type: Class
comment: A pencil with a graphite core.
subclass of: Pencil

Gum Arabic
type: Class
comment: Primary binder for watercolor and gouache.
subclass of: Water-Based Binder

Hatching
type: Class
comment: Using parallel lines to create tone and shading.
subclass of: Drawing Technique

Holograms
type: Class
comment: Three-dimensional images created by laser light.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Hot-Pressed Paper
type: Class
comment: Smooth watercolor paper, ideal for detailed work and illustrations.
subclass of: Watercolor Paper
alternative label: HP Paper

Hudson River School
type: School of Art
comment: A mid-19th century American art movement of romantic landscape paintings.

Impasto
type: Class
comment: Thick application of paint creating texture.
subclass of: Application Technique

Impressionism
type: School of Art
comment: A 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes and emphasis on light.

Ink Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using ink with pen or brush.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Ink Material
type: Class
comment: Liquid pigment for drawing, writing, printing.
subclass of: Drawing Material

Ink Wash Painting
type: Class
comment: East Asian brush painting using black ink. Includes sumi-e.
subclass of: Painting Form

Installation Art
type: Class
comment: Three-dimensional works transforming perception of space.
subclass of: Spatial Art Form

Interactive Art
type: Class
comment: Viewer actively participates in the artwork experience.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Internet Art
type: Class
comment: Art using the internet as its medium.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Land Art
type: Class
comment: Art made directly in the landscape.
subclass of: Spatial Art Form

Landscape
type: Class
comment: A genre depicting natural scenery.
subclass of: Representational

Lifting
type: Class
comment: Removing wet or dried watercolor to create highlights.
subclass of: Watercolor Technique

Lindenmayer System Image
type: Class
comment: An image generated by an L-system.
subclass of: Generative Art

Line
type: Class
comment: A mark made by a moving point.
subclass of: Art elements

Linen Canvas
type: Class
comment: Canvas made from linen fibers. Available in fine, medium, and coarse weave.
subclass of: Canvas

Linocut
type: Class
comment: Relief printing using carved linoleum.
subclass of: Relief Printing

Linseed Oil
type: Oil Binder
comment: Drying oil from flax seeds. Raw, refined, cold-pressed, sun-thickened.

Lithography
type: Class
comment: Based on oil and water not mixing, using stone or metal plate.
subclass of: Planographic Printing

Lsys rules
type: Class
comment: Production rules for Lindenmayer systems.
subclass of: Digital language

Luminism
type: School of Art
comment: An American landscape painting style characterized by diffused light.

Masking Agent
type: Class
comment: Substances used to protect areas of paper from paint, such as masking fluid and frisket.
subclass of: Watercolor Additive

Matting
type: Class
comment: Adding a mat board around artwork for framing.
subclass of: Finishing Process

Metal Material
type: Class
comment: Metal for sculpture: bronze, steel, iron, aluminum, copper.
subclass of: Sculptural Material

Metal Support
type: Class
comment: Metal surfaces used as supports, including copper plates and aluminum panels.
subclass of: Rigid Support

Mezzotint
type: Class
comment: Intaglio technique creating tonal areas by roughening plate surface.
subclass of: Intaglio Printing

Mixing Colors
type: Class
comment: The process of mixing paints to create desired colors.
subclass of: Preparation Process

Mobile Sculpture
type: Class
comment: Suspended elements moving with air currents.
subclass of: Kinetic Sculpture

Modeling
type: Class
comment: Additive sculpture - material built up.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Modeling Tool
type: Class
comment: Tools for shaping clay and other modeling materials.
subclass of: Shaping Tool

Mold Making
type: Class
comment: Creating molds for casting sculpture.
subclass of: Sculpture Technique

Monotype
type: Class
comment: A printmaking technique yielding a unique print.
subclass of: Planographic Printing

Movement
type: Class
comment: Creating a sense of action or guiding the eye.
subclass of: Art principles

NFTBroker
type: Class
comment: A platform facilitating NFT transactions.
subclass of: NFTMarket

Negative Painting
type: Class
comment: Painting around shapes to define them.
subclass of: Watercolor Technique

Non objective
type: Class
comment: Art that does not depict recognizable objects from the natural world.
subclass of: Art types

Oeuvre
type: Class
comment: The complete body of work of an artist.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Oil Painting
type: Class
comment: A painting medium using pigments bound with drying oils.
subclass of: Painting Form

Oil Solvent
type: Class
comment: Substances used to thin oil paint or clean brushes, such as turpentine, odorless mineral spirit (OMS), and spike lavender oil.
subclass of: Oil Painting Additive

Online store
type: Class
comment: A virtual platform where artists can sell their artworks.
subclass of: Art market

Organic Pigment
type: Class
comment: Pigments from carbon-based compounds.
subclass of: Pigment

Painter
type: Class
comment: An artist who creates paintings.
subclass of: Artist of the visual arts

Palette
type: Class
comment: A flat surface for mixing and holding paints.
subclass of: Support Tool

Palette Knife
type: Class
comment: A tool for mixing and applying paint.
subclass of: Tool

Pastel Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing using pastel sticks.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Pastel Material
type: Class
comment: Powdered pigment bound with non-greasy binder in stick form.
subclass of: Dry Drawing Material

Pastel Paper
type: Class
comment: Paper with texture designed to hold pastel pigments.
subclass of: Paper Support

Patination
type: Class
comment: Applying or developing a surface patina on sculpture.
subclass of: Sculpture Technique

Pattern element
type: Class
comment: A repeated unit creating a pattern.
subclass of: Art elements

Pattern principle
type: Class
comment: Repetition of elements.
subclass of: Art principles

Pencil Drawing
type: Class
comment: A drawing created using graphite or colored pencils.
subclass of: Drawing Form

Performance Art
type: Class
comment: Artwork created through actions performed by the artist.
subclass of: Time-Based Art Form

Poppy Seed Oil
type: Oil Binder
comment: Pale drying oil with slow drying time.

Portfolio
type: Class
comment: A curated collection of an artist's best work.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Portrait
type: Class
comment: An artwork depicting the likeness of an individual or group.
subclass of: Representational

Pouring Medium
type: Class
comment: An acrylic additive that creates fluid consistency suitable for pour painting techniques.
subclass of: Acrylic Additive

Primed Canvas
type: Class
comment: A canvas treated with a preparatory coating (primer, often gesso).
subclass of: Surface

Printmaker
type: Class
comment: An artist who creates prints.
subclass of: Artist of the visual arts

3D Printing
type: Class
comment: An additive manufacturing process building objects layer by layer.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Printing Form
type: Class
comment: The matrix or surface used to transfer an image (e.g., woodblock, etching plate, screen).
subclass of: Printing Material

Printmaking Paper
type: Class
comment: Paper designed for printmaking processes.
subclass of: Paper Support

Printmaking Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques specific to printmaking.
subclass of: Technique

provenance
type: Class
comment: The chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object.
subclass of: contextual analysis

Refining
type: Class
comment: Developing and improving the artwork.
subclass of: Creation Process

Rendering
type: Class
comment: Creating an image from a model or data.
subclass of: Process

Restoration
type: Class
comment: Restoring damaged artwork.
subclass of: Preservation Process

Retarder Medium
type: Class
comment: An acrylic additive that slows drying time, allowing longer working time for blending.
subclass of: Acrylic Additive

Retrospective exhibit
type: Class
comment: An exhibition showcasing an artist's work across their career.
subclass of: Art exhibition

Rhythm
type: Class
comment: Visual movement through repetition and variation.
subclass of: Art principles

Robotics
type: Class
comment: Robots used in art installations.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Rough Paper
type: Class
comment: The most heavily textured watercolor paper.
subclass of: Watercolor Paper

Round Brush
type: Class
comment: A brush with a round ferrule and pointed tip.
subclass of: Brush

Safflower Oil
type: Oil Binder
comment: Drying oil similar to poppy seed oil.

Sculptor
type: Class
comment: An artist who creates sculptures.
subclass of: Artist of the visual arts

Scumbling
type: Class
comment: Applying a thin, opaque layer over dried paint.
subclass of: Application Technique

Series
type: Class
comment: A group of related artworks.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Serigraphy
type: Class
comment: Silkscreen printing - ink forced through a stencil on a screen.
subclass of: Stencil Printing
alternative label: Screen printing

Sfumato
type: Class
comment: Soft, gradual blending of tones and colors.
subclass of: Application Technique

Shape
type: Class
comment: A two-dimensional area.
subclass of: Art elements

Sizing
type: Class
comment: Treatment that controls absorbency, preventing media from soaking in too much.
subclass of: Surface

Sketching
type: Class
comment: Creating preliminary drawings.
subclass of: Creation Process

Space
type: Class
comment: The area around, within, or between elements.
subclass of: Art elements

Still life
type: Class
comment: A genre depicting inanimate objects.
subclass of: Representational

Stippling
type: Class
comment: Using dots to create tone and texture.
subclass of: Drawing Technique

Stone Material
type: Class
comment: Stone for sculpture: marble, granite, limestone, soapstone.
subclass of: Sculptural Material

Stretching Canvas
type: Class
comment: The process of stretching canvas over a frame.
subclass of: Preparation Process

Texture
type: Class
comment: The surface quality of an artwork.
subclass of: Art elements

Texture Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances that modify the texture of paint, such as cold wax medium, impasto medium, and sand texture medium.
subclass of: Oil Painting Additive

Toning Surface
type: Class
comment: Applying a toned ground to a surface.
subclass of: Preparation Process

Trend
type: Class
comment: A prevailing style or direction in art during a particular period.
subclass of: Art movement

Underpainting
type: Class
comment: Creating an initial layer to establish values and composition.
subclass of: Creation Process

Unity-Variety
type: Class
comment: Unity creates coherence; variety adds interest.
subclass of: Art principles

Value
type: Class
comment: The lightness or darkness of a color.
subclass of: Art elements

Varnish
type: Class
comment: A protective coating applied to finished paintings.
subclass of: Protective Finish

Varnishing
type: Class
comment: Applying protective varnish to finished artwork.
subclass of: Finishing Process

Vermillion
type: Mineral Pigment
comment: Brilliant red pigment from cinnabar (mercury sulfide).

Video Art
type: Class
comment: Art using video technology.
subclass of: Time-Based Art Form

Video games
type: Class
comment: Interactive digital entertainment as visual art.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Virtual Reality Art
type: Class
comment: Art created using VR technology.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Walnut Oil
type: Oil Binder
comment: Drying oil with less yellowing than linseed.

Watercolor Painting
type: Class
comment: A painting medium using pigments suspended in a water-soluble binder.
subclass of: Painting Form

Wax Material
type: Class
comment: Wax for sculpture: beeswax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax.
subclass of: Sculptural Material

Welding
type: Class
comment: Joining metal pieces using heat.
subclass of: Sculpture Technique

Wet-on-Wet
type: Class
comment: Applying wet paint onto still-wet paint.
subclass of: Application Technique
alternative label: Alla Prima
alternative label: Wet-in-Wet

Wood Material
type: Class
comment: Wood for sculpture and carving.
subclass of: Sculptural Material

Wood Panel
type: Class
comment: A panel made from wood, including hardboard, MDF, and plywood.
subclass of: Panel

Woodcut
type: Class
comment: Relief printing using a carved wooden block.
subclass of: Relief Printing

artist
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The artist responsible for producing a given work of art.
domain: Art
range: Artist of the visual arts

background
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reference to a background resource.
domain: Creative work
range: Resource

collaborates with
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Another artist collaborating on a project.
domain: Artist of the visual arts
range: Artist of the visual arts

contains paint
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A paint combined with another paint.
domain: Painting Material
range: Paint

file format
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Indicates a specific file format.
domain: Creative work
range: string

file path
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: An absolute directory file location.
domain: JPG
range: string

has additive
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An additive (what practitioners call 'medium') used in this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Additive

has artist profile
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to an artist profile.
domain: Resource
range: Artist's profile

has assistant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An artist who assists in production.
domain: Artist of the visual arts
range: Artist of the visual arts

has binding agent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The binding agent used in the paint.
domain: Paint
range: Binding Agent

has collection
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A collection of the artist's works.
domain: Artist in any art form
range: Artwork collection

has composition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The arrangement of elements in this artwork.
range: Composition

has criticism
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Art criticism abou this work.
range: Art criticism

has element
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Art elements present in this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Art elements

has Etherscan NS
type: ObjectProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: Resource

has market place
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: string

has Market Place NS
type: ObjectProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: Resource

has material
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The specific material used in this work.
range: Art Material

has NFT
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A digital certificate of ownership for this artwork.
domain: Art
range: NFT

has NFT Contract Address
type: ObjectProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: Resource

has NFT token ID
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: string

has NFT URI
type: ObjectProperty
comment: NFT related
domain: NFT
range: Resource

has paint
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The specific paint used.
domain: Creative work
range: Paint

has paper
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The specific paper for this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Paper Support

has paper finish
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The finish of the paper.
domain: Paper Support

has paper weight
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The weight of the paper in pounds (lb) or gsm.
domain: Paper Support

has perspective
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The perspective used in this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Perspective

has pigment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reference to pigment in the paint.
domain: Paint
range: Pigment

has principle
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Art principles applied to this artwork.
domain: Creative work
range: Art principles

has process
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A process used in producing this work.
range: Process

has process step
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A specific process step in creating this work.
domain: Creative work

has protective finish
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A protective finish applied to this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Protective Finish

has rendition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An artist's unique interpretation of a subject.
domain: Creative work
range: Rendition

has sculpture term
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to sculpture terms.
range: Sculpture Term

has surface
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The surface type for this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Surface

has technique
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Techniques employed on this artwork.
domain: Creative work
range: Technique

has tensegrity application
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to tensegrity applications.
range: Tensegrity Application

has tensegrity art principle
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to tensegrity art principles.
range: Tensegrity Art Principle

has tensegrity principle
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to tensegrity principles.
range: Tensegrity Principle

has tool
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A tool used in creating this work.
domain: Creative work
range: Tool

has visual analysis
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A foundational, structured method of interpreting art by closely observing and breaking down its visual elements.
range: Visual Analysis

has visual imagery
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Description of the visual imagery in the work.
domain: Creative work
range: string

has watercolor paint
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The specific watercolor paint used.
domain: Creative work
range: Watercolor Paint

has technique
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Techniques employed on this artwork.
range: Watercolor Technique

3D image
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A URI reference to a GLB file.
domain: Creative work
range: Resource

inspired by work
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A work that inspired this creative work.
domain: Creative work
range: Resource

measurement system
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The measurement system used by the artist.
domain: Artist's profile
range: Resource

pseudonym for
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an artist pseudonym to the actual artist.
domain: Artist in any art form
range: Artist in any art form

QRcode
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A QRcode image associated with this work.

rendition of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The source work or subject that this rendition interprets or derives from.
domain: Rendition
range: Creative work

status
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Status state of the work.
domain: Creative work
range: Resource

work on site
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Internet location referencing the creative work.
domain: Creative work
range: Resource

created
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The creation date for a concept. Typically used on notes, interpretations and entities
domain: Concept
range: date

created
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The edit date for a concept. Typically used on notes, interpretations and entities
domain: Concept
range: dateTime

link
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A reference to a external URI, typically a link captured in a google keep note
domain: Concept
range: Resource

url
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A fully-qualified URL. An element of a URI tko:link reference.
domain: Resource
range: Resource

url description
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Text describing the content at the URL. An element of a URI tko:link reference.
range: string

url title
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The title of the content at the URL. An element of a URI tko:link reference.
range: string

A knowledge organization model for vocabulary
type: Ontology
contributor: visualartsdna.org
description: A knowledge organization model for vocabulary used with the cwva ontology and data
issued: 2022-08-17T12:00:00+00:00
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
modified: 2022-08-17T12:00:00+00:00
publisher: visualartsdna.org
rights: copyright
title: A knowledge organization model
comment: A skos-like structure supporting topic and tag management.
version info: v 1.2

AI
type: Class
comment: The result of an interaction with an AI platform typically for interpretation of a work.
subclass of: Entity

ARGB
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Hexadecimal representation of ARGB image color identifier
domain: Paint
range: string

Article
type: Class
comment: A response to an online article and related links.
subclass of: Entity

Artist
type: Class
comment: a person who creates works in the visual arts as a profession or hobby.
subclass of: Entity

Collection
type: Class
comment: a group of artworks that are curated and held by an individual, institution, or government.
subclass of: Entity

Concept
type: Class
comment: It represents a distinct idea or abstraction that can be identified and discussed as a separate unit. Basically equivalent to skos:Concept with a few more operational properties
subclass of: Entity

Image
type: Class
comment: A digital image for any type of purpose or format.
subclass of: Entity

Keep Note
type: Class
comment: A concept originating as a Google Keep Note
subclass of: Concept

Operation
type: Class
comment: Typically a reference document on the management of the software system.
subclass of: Entity

Organization
type: Class
comment: an organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a business, society, association, etc.
subclass of: Entity

Posting
type: Class
comment: a document distributed with the system RDF data.
subclass of: Entity

Series
type: Class
comment: A collection of creative work instances that are intentionally related by a common theme. This can also serve the operational purpose of associating specific non-creative-work items to a given series of works.
subclass of: Entity

Study
type: Class
comment: a preliminary work or practice piece that an artist creates to help them plan their final piece.
subclass of: Entity

Work
type: Class
comment: paintings, drawings, or other artistic works.
subclass of: Entity

derived
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: an operational property
domain: Entity
range: boolean

contains
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: inScheme

dbpedia
type: ObjectProperty
comment: range is any valid URI, but intended to be a dbpedia link
domain: Entity

document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: range is any valid URI, but intended to be a google docs link
domain: Entity

head
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The concept corresponding to the topic's title. Expected to be a single concept, but not constrained.
domain: Topic
range: Concept

markdown document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a locally-stored markdown document link
domain: Entity
range: Resource

pdf document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: a locally-stored pdf document link
domain: Entity
range: Resource

source
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object from an enumeration of source instances. Currently AI platforms.
range: Resource

summary
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: a summary of the markdown document
domain: Entity
range: string

symbol
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A symbol derived from the pigment name and source. This enables an interface to the very physical world of the artist selecting paints, where entering complete pigment names, especially with mixed paints, is not expedient.
domain: Paint
range: string

tag
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: A symmetric semantic relation between a resource and a resource.
domain: Resource

topic
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The subject matter of the entity
domain: Entity
range: string

wikipedia
type: ObjectProperty
comment: range is any valid URI, but intended to be a wikipedia link
domain: Entity

type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The type of an object.
domain: Resource
range: Class

comment
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A description of the resource.
domain: Resource
range: Literal

is defined by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates a resource defining the subject resource.
domain: Resource
range: Resource

label
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A version of the resource's name.
domain: Resource
range: Literal

see also
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.
domain: Resource
range: Resource

subclass of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: States that all the instances of one class are instances of another.
domain: Class
range: Class

broader
type: ObjectProperty

change note
type: DatatypeProperty

definition
type: DatatypeProperty

editorial note
type: DatatypeProperty

example
type: DatatypeProperty

history note
type: DatatypeProperty

member
type: ObjectProperty

narrower
type: ObjectProperty

note
type: DatatypeProperty

related
type: ObjectProperty

scope note
type: DatatypeProperty

content
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A URL location for a content store.
range: Resource

copyright notice
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string

created date
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date the work was completed.
range: dateTime

published date
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date the work was published.
range: dateTime

depth
type: ObjectProperty
range: QuantitativeValue

description
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A description of a work.
range: string

height
type: ObjectProperty
range: QuantitativeValue

identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A GUID
range: string

image
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An image URL.
range: Resource

license
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string

location
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The location of the work.
range: string

unit code
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The unit of measure.
range: string

measure value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The value of the measure.
range: decimal

width
type: ObjectProperty
range: QuantitativeValue

Art criticism
type: Class
comment: The practice of analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art.
subclass of: Art history

Art exhibition
type: Class
comment: A public display of artworks.
subclass of: Artwork collection
alternative label: Art exhibit

Art Series
type: Class
comment: A unified collection sharing a common theme.
subclass of: Artwork collection

Composition
type: Class
comment: The arrangement of visual elements in an artwork.
subclass of: formal analysis

Computer Graphics
type: Class
comment: Visual content created using computers.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Digital language
type: Class
comment: Codes and symbols used in digital art creation.
subclass of: Vocabulary

Digital Printmaking
type: Class
comment: Printmaking using digital technology.
subclass of: Printmaking Form

Digital Sculpture
type: Class
comment: Using software to shape 3D models.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Fabric Support
type: Class
comment: Fabric used as a support for artwork.
subclass of: Support

Generative Art
type: Class
comment: Art created using autonomous systems or algorithms.
subclass of: Digital Art Form

Ground
type: Class
comment: The foundational layer applied to a support before painting or drawing begins.
subclass of: Surface

Image
type: Class
comment: A visual representation of something, such as a photograph, painting, or drawing.
subclass of: Art Material

Inorganic Pigment
type: Class
comment: Pigments from mineral sources or synthesized inorganic compounds.
subclass of: Pigment

JPG
type: Class
comment: A common file format for digital images.
subclass of: Photograph

Kinetic Sculpture
type: Class
comment: Sculpture with moving parts.
subclass of: Sculpture Form

Mineral Pigment
type: Class
comment: Natural earth pigments such as ochre, ultramarine, cadmium.
subclass of: Inorganic Pigment

Mixed Media Form
type: Class
comment: Combines different artistic media and materials.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Panel
type: Class
comment: A rigid painting support, often wood or hardboard, providing a durable, warp-resistant surface.
subclass of: Rigid Support

Pen
type: Class
comment: A tool for writing or drawing with ink.
subclass of: Mark-Making Tool

Perspective
type: Class
comment: A technique to create the illusion of depth.
subclass of: formal analysis

Photograph
type: Class
comment: An image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface.
subclass of: Image

Printing Material
type: Class
comment: Materials used in printmaking and 3D printing.
subclass of: Art Material

SciArt
type: Class
comment: Art blending artistic and scientific practices.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Stencil Printing
type: Class
comment: Using stencils to apply ink.
subclass of: Printmaking Form

Technology and Engineering
type: Class
comment: Technology is the application of knowledge to solve problems, while engineering is the profession that uses scientific, mathematical, and empirical methods to design and build those technological solutions.
subclass of: contextual analysis

Tempera Binder
type: Class
comment: Binders for tempera: egg yolk, casein.
subclass of: Binding Agent

Tempera Painting
type: Class
comment: A painting medium using pigments bound with egg yolk or other emulsions.
subclass of: Painting Form

Tensegrity Application
type: Class
comment: Applications of tensegrity structures are found in architecture, biochemistry, anatomy, robotics and art.
subclass of: contextual analysis

Tensegrity Art Principle
type: Class
comment: Concepts in the artistic application of tensegrity structures.
subclass of: formal analysis

Tensegrity Principle
type: Class
comment: A structural principle where isolated compression components (struts) are suspended within a continuous network of tension members (cables/tendons).
subclass of: Technology and Engineering

Texture Modifier
type: Class
comment: Substances that create texture effects in watercolor, such as granulation medium.
subclass of: Watercolor Additive

Vocabulary
type: Class
comment: The specialized terms used to discuss art.
subclass of: Visual Arts

Watercolor Paint
type: Class
comment: Pigments in a water-soluble binder, typically gum arabic.
subclass of: Paint

Topic
type: Class
comment: Supports document outlining
comment: the main subject, theme, or area of focus of a discussion, text, artwork, or field of study.
subclass of: OrderedCollection

inScheme
type: ObjectProperty

Art history
type: Class
comment: The academic study of the development of art from its origins to the present day.
subclass of: contextual analysis

Art movement
type: Class
comment: A tendency or style in art involving a group of artists with shared aims.
subclass of: Art history

Artist's profile
type: Class
comment: A biographical summary and the artist's creative process preferences.
subclass of: Role of the person in the arts

Brush
type: Class
comment: A tool with bristles used for applying paint.
subclass of: Mark-Making Tool

Canvas
type: Class
comment: A durable, woven fabric (usually cotton or linen) stretched over a wooden frame, serving as a sturdy, popular surface for painting.
subclass of: Fabric Support

Digital Tool
type: Class
comment: Digital devices used for creating art.
subclass of: Tool

Drawing Material
type: Class
comment: Materials for drawings: pencils, charcoal, ink, pastels.
subclass of: Primary Material

NFTMarket
type: Class
comment: An online marketplace dedicated to the trading of non-fungible tokens.
subclass of: Art market

Painting Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques specific to painting.
subclass of: Technique

Pencil
type: Class
comment: A drawing implement with a core of graphite or colored material.
subclass of: Mark-Making Tool

Photography Form
type: Class
comment: Creating durable images by recording light.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Planographic Printing
type: Class
comment: Image created on a flat surface.
subclass of: Printmaking Form

Printmaking Tool
type: Class
comment: Tools used in printmaking processes.
subclass of: Tool

Relief Printing
type: Class
comment: The raised surface of the matrix is inked.
subclass of: Printmaking Form

Rigid Support
type: Class
comment: Rigid surfaces used as supports for artwork.
subclass of: Support

Sculpture Term
type: Class
comment: Terminology applied to the creation or appreciation of sculpture.
subclass of: formal analysis

Shaping Tool
type: Class
comment: Tools used to shape sculptural materials.
subclass of: Tool

Support Tool
type: Class
comment: Tools that support the artwork or artist during creation.
subclass of: Tool

Time-Based Art Form
type: Class
comment: Art forms that unfold over time.
subclass of: Art Form

Water-Based Binder
type: Class
comment: Water-soluble binders for watercolor, gouache, acrylic.
subclass of: Binding Agent

Acrylic Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances added to acrylic paint to modify its working properties, such as retarder medium, gel medium, molding paste, and pouring medium.
subclass of: Additive
alternative label: Acrylic Medium

Art expert
type: Class
comment: An individual with authority in art history or practice.
subclass of: Role of the person in the arts

Art Form
type: Class
comment: Category or channel of artistic expression. Replaces the ambiguous 'Medium' class.
subclass of: Art Realization
alternative label: Art Category
alternative label: Art Media (broad sense)

Art market
type: Class
comment: The economic system surrounding the buying and selling of artworks.
subclass of: Art

Art Realization
type: Class
comment: Through a creative process manifesting an idea in a visual form.
subclass of: Visual Arts

Art types
type: Class
comment: A specific category or form of artistic expression.
subclass of: Visual Analysis

Finishing Process
type: Class
comment: Final steps to complete and protect artwork.
subclass of: Process

Mark-Making Tool
type: Class
comment: Tools used to make marks on a surface.
subclass of: Tool

Painting Material
type: Class
comment: Substances used in painting: pigments, binders, solvents.
subclass of: Primary Material

Pigment
type: Class
comment: Finely ground powder giving paint its color.
subclass of: Painting Material

Preservation Process
type: Class
comment: Processes for preserving and conserving artwork.
subclass of: Process

Primary Material
type: Class
comment: The main substance that becomes or carries the visible artwork.
subclass of: Art Material

Protective Finish
type: Class
comment: Applied after artwork is complete to protect the surface.
subclass of: Art Material

Rendition
type: Class
comment: An interpretation or representation of an artwork.
subclass of: Creative work

Representational
type: Class
comment: Art that aims to depict recognizable objects or scenes.
subclass of: Art types

Sculpture Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques specific to sculpture.
subclass of: Technique

Spatial Art Form
type: Class
comment: Art forms engaging with three-dimensional space.
subclass of: Art Form

Visual Arts
type: Class
comment: Art forms that create works primarily intended to be visual in nature.
subclass of: Art

Watercolor Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances added to watercolor paint to modify its working properties. What watercolorists call 'watercolor mediums' - including flow modifiers, texture modifiers, and masking agents.
subclass of: Additive
alternative label: Watercolor Medium

Watercolor Paper
type: Class
comment: Paper specifically designed for watercolor painting, available in different textures (hot-pressed, cold-pressed, rough) and weights.
subclass of: Paper Support
alternative label: Watercolor Media
scope note: When watercolorists say 'watercolor media,' they typically mean paper types - not the paint itself.

Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances mixed with paint or other materials to modify their properties such as flow, texture, drying time, or transparency. THIS IS WHAT PRACTITIONERS OFTEN CALL 'MEDIUM' (e.g., 'glazing medium', 'granulation medium', 'Liquin').
subclass of: Art Material
alternative label: Medium (practitioner sense)
alternative label: Painting Medium
scope note: In oil painting, 'oil medium' refers to additives like Liquin or stand oil. In watercolor, 'watercolor medium' refers to additives like granulation medium or ox gall. This class disambiguates that usage from other meanings of 'medium'.

Art Production
type: Class
comment: All of the materials, processes, techniques, and factors involved in creating visual art.
subclass of: Art Realization

Artist in any art form
type: Class
comment: An individual who creates or practices any of the arts.
subclass of: Role of the person in the arts

contextual analysis
type: Class
comment: Evaluates a piece by examining the historical, cultural, social, and political circumstances surrounding its creation, rather than just its visual appearance.
subclass of: Visual Analysis
scope note: A principled home for vad:CulturalContext and vad:Iconography when the time comes.

Dry Drawing Material
type: Class
comment: Drawing materials not requiring a liquid vehicle.
subclass of: Drawing Material

Oil Binder
type: Class
comment: Drying oils used as binders in oil paints.
subclass of: Binding Agent

Preparation Process
type: Class
comment: Steps to prepare materials and surfaces before creating artwork.
subclass of: Process

Support
type: Class
comment: The surface upon which artwork is created. Replaces Substrate.
subclass of: Art Material
alternative label: Substrate

Surface
type: Class
comment: The outer layer or material on which an artwork is created, influencing texture and how media is applied.
subclass of: Support

Visual Analysis
type: Class
comment: A foundational, structured method of interpreting art by closely observing and breaking down its visual elements—such as composition, color, line, texture, and light—to understand how they create meaning or communicate a message.
subclass of: Visual Arts

Role of the person in the arts
type: Class
comment: Role as applied to the arts
comment: The various functions of individuals within the art world.
subclass of: Art

Binding Agent
type: Class
comment: Substance holding pigment particles together and adhering them to support.
subclass of: Art Material
alternative label: Binder
alternative label: Vehicle

Creation Process
type: Class
comment: The main creative stages of producing artwork.
subclass of: Process

Drawing Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques specific to drawing.
subclass of: Technique

Intaglio Printing
type: Class
comment: Image incised into surface, recessed areas hold ink.
subclass of: Printmaking Form

Oil Painting Additive
type: Class
comment: Substances added to oil paint to modify its working properties. What oil painters call 'oil mediums' - including drying agents, flow modifiers, texture additives, and glazing mediums.
subclass of: Additive
alternative label: Oil Medium

Printmaking Form
type: Class
comment: Creating artworks by transferring an image from a matrix.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Sculptural Material
type: Class
comment: Materials for sculptures: clay, stone, metal, wood, plastic.
subclass of: Primary Material

Technique
type: Class
comment: The specific methods, skills, and processes an artist employs to manipulate materials and create an artwork.
subclass of: Art Production

Watercolor Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques specific to watercolor painting.
subclass of: Painting Technique

formal analysis
type: Class
comment: The systematic study of an artwork's visual components—line, color, shape, texture, and composition to understand how they create meaning, mood, or structure.
subclass of: Visual Analysis

Process
type: Class
comment: Stages and workflows involved in art production.
subclass of: Art Production

School of Art
type: Class
comment: A group of artists who share similar styles or are associated by location or time.
subclass of: Art movement

Sculpture Form
type: Class
comment: Three-dimensional art created by shaping materials.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Application Technique
type: Class
comment: Techniques for applying paint to a surface.
subclass of: Painting Technique

Art
type: Class
comment: The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination.

NFT
type: Class
comment: A unique digital asset representing ownership of content using blockchain.
subclass of: NFTMarket

Paint
type: Class
comment: A mixture of pigments in a binder.
subclass of: Painting Material

Paper Support
type: Class
comment: Paper used as a support for artwork.
subclass of: Support

Art Material
type: Class
comment: Physical substances used to create art.
subclass of: Art Production

Art principles
type: Class
comment: Guidelines for organizing art elements: balance, contrast, emphasis, etc.
subclass of: formal analysis

Drawing Form
type: Class
comment: A visual art form created by making marks on a surface.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Tool
type: Class
comment: Instruments used to apply or manipulate materials in art production.
subclass of: Art Production

Visual Art Form
type: Class
comment: The various disciplines within the visual arts.
subclass of: Art Form

Art elements
type: Class
comment: The fundamental visual components: line, shape, color, value, texture, form, space.
subclass of: formal analysis

Artwork collection
type: Class
comment: A gathered body of art.
subclass of: Art

Painting Form
type: Class
comment: The art of applying paint to a surface.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Artist of the visual arts
type: Class
comment: An individual who creates visual art.
subclass of: Artist in any art form
alternative label: Visual Artist

Digital Art Form
type: Class
comment: Art created using digital technology.
subclass of: Visual Art Form

Entity
type: Class
comment: a thing with distinct and independent existence.
subclass of: Concept

Creative work
type: Class
comment: Any finished original artistic or intellectual creation in the visual arts.
subclass of: Art Realization

Information model for the Visual Arts
type: Ontology
contributor: visualartsdna.org
creator: visualartsdna.org
date: 2026-02-17
description: CWVA organizes the visual arts creative process into an information model. Version 4.0.0 integrates the Art Production Ontology (APO) to disambiguate medium/media terminology.
publisher: visualartsdna.org
rights: copyright
title: Information Model for the Visual Arts
description: CWVA organizes the visual arts creative process into an information model. Version 4.0.0 integrates the Art Production Ontology (APO) to disambiguate medium/media terminology. Visit visualartsdna.org for more information.
issued: 2021-07-16
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
modified: 2026-02-17
comment: A proposed creative-process domain ontology for the visual arts. V4.0.0 merges APO to disambiguate 'medium' and 'media' terminology.
incompatible with: model#
version IRI: http://visualartsdna.org/model/4.0
version info: 4.0.0
version: 4.0.0